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Is that important to understand the characteristics of each blood types before blood transfusion?

Is that important to understand the characteristics of each blood types before blood transfusion?

Yes.

Blood type refers to antigens (molecules the immune system can recognise) on red blood cells, known as A, B and Rhesus D. AB types have both A and B antigens whilst O types have neither. Positive types have the Rhesus D antigen.

It's a bad idea to give red blood cells with a given antigen to someone whose blood cells don't have it. This is because people without A or B antigens automatically have antibodies against them and people without Rhesus D have a tendency to develop antibodies against it. A unit of blood of the wrong type would be treated like an incomprehensibly large infection, and the cells would form clumps on a scale that would cause great damage to internal organs.

O- blood has no antigens on its red cells, and they can therefore be given to anyone. Donating whole blood is a little bit dodgier as it will include a limited dose of the donor's antibodies too.

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